Journal: Journal of nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Regulating macrophage phenotypes with IL4I1-mimetic nanoparticles in IDD treatment.

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03241-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Selection and Expression of Core M-DEGs in the GEO Dataset. Note: (A) LASSO selection plot for M-DEGs; (B) SVM-RFE analysis results for M-DEGs; (C) Results from the Random Forest algorithm for M-DEGs; (D) Venn diagram showing the intersection of results from LASSO, SVM-RFE, and Random For est algorithms; (E) Expression levels of IL4I1 in NP samples from each group (n = 6) in the merged dataset; (F) Pseudo-time gene expression curve of IL4I1 in MΦ subtypes from scRNA-seq data, with time on the x-axis and gene expression level on the y-axis; ** P < 0.01 compared between the two groups

Article Snippet: In brief, 1 ml of 2% (w/v) PLGA in ethyl acetate solution was mixed with 10 μg of recombinant human IL4I1 (R&D Systems, 5684-AO) dissolved in 100 μl of sterile DNase/RNase.

Techniques: Selection, Expressing, Gene Expression

Journal: Journal of nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Regulating macrophage phenotypes with IL4I1-mimetic nanoparticles in IDD treatment.

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03241-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 Influence of IL4I1 on M1-M2 Polarization of MΦs. Note: (A) Schematic representation of IL4I1 treatment on MΦ induced M1 or M2 polarization; (B) RT-qPCR analysis of expression of M1 and M2 MΦ marker genes in different groups of MΦ; (C) Representative immunofluorescence images of MΦ in differ ent groups (scale bar = 25 μm), quantification of fluorescence intensities of CD80 and CD86, CD163 and CD206 co-localization; (D) Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 in the supernatant of cultured MΦ in each group; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, all experiments were repeated thrice

Article Snippet: In brief, 1 ml of 2% (w/v) PLGA in ethyl acetate solution was mixed with 10 μg of recombinant human IL4I1 (R&D Systems, 5684-AO) dissolved in 100 μl of sterile DNase/RNase.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Marker, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Cell Culture

Journal: Journal of nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Regulating macrophage phenotypes with IL4I1-mimetic nanoparticles in IDD treatment.

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03241-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 Preparation, characterization, and In Vitro Uptake of IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs. Note: (A) Schematic depiction of the preparation process for IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs; (B) Representative images of IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs using TEM (scale bar = 200 nm); (C-D) DLS analysis of the size and zeta potential of IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs; (E) SDS-PAGE protein analysis of cell lysates, MΦCM, IL4I1-NPs, and IL4I1-MNPs; (F) Loading capacity of IL4I1 in IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs; (G) The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of IL4I1 within IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs, respectively, with monitoring of encapsulation rates within 72 h at 4 °C; (H) In vitro cumulative release curve of IL4I1 from IL4I1-NPs and IL4I1-MNPs in PBS at 37 °C; (I) Particle size detec tion of IL4I1-MNPs in deionized water, 1×PBS, and 50% FBS over three days; (J) Schematic diagram of the preparation process for DiR-NPs and DiR-MNPs; (K) Flow cytometry analysis of fluorescence intensity of DiR in MΦ after incubation with DiR-NPs and DiR-MNPs for 1, 2, and 4 h; (L) Representative images (scale bar = 15 μm) and quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity of MΦ uptake of DiR-NPs and DiR-MNPs; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, all experiments were conducted in triplicate

Article Snippet: In brief, 1 ml of 2% (w/v) PLGA in ethyl acetate solution was mixed with 10 μg of recombinant human IL4I1 (R&D Systems, 5684-AO) dissolved in 100 μl of sterile DNase/RNase.

Techniques: In Vitro, Zeta Potential Analyzer, SDS Page, Encapsulation, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Incubation

Journal: Journal of nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Regulating macrophage phenotypes with IL4I1-mimetic nanoparticles in IDD treatment.

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03241-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6 Impact of IL4I1-MNPs on MΦ Polarization in IDD Mice In Vivo. Note: (A) RT-qPCR analysis of expression of M1 and M2 MΦ marker genes in IVD MΦs of mice in different groups (n = 6); (B) Percentage of M1 MΦs (CD80+CD86+) in IVD MΦs of mice in different groups (n = 6); (C) Percentage of M2 MΦs (CD163+CD206+) in IVD MΦs of mice in different groups (n = 6); (D) ELISA detection of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 levels in IVD of mice in different groups (n = 6); * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: In brief, 1 ml of 2% (w/v) PLGA in ethyl acetate solution was mixed with 10 μg of recombinant human IL4I1 (R&D Systems, 5684-AO) dissolved in 100 μl of sterile DNase/RNase.

Techniques: In Vivo, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Marker, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Journal of nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Regulating macrophage phenotypes with IL4I1-mimetic nanoparticles in IDD treatment.

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03241-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 8 Exploration of the Role of FGR in Regulating MΦ Polarization Balance Mediated by IL4I1-MNPs. Note: (A) Illustration of FGR-OE transfection; (B) RT- qPCR analysis of FGR expression in different groups of MΦ; (C) Schematic representation of MΦ polarization induction post-NC-OE or FGR-OE transfection, followed by treatment with PBS or IL4I1-MNPs; (D) RT-qPCR analysis of expression of M1 and M2 MΦ marker genes in different groups of MΦ; (E) Repre sentative immunofluorescence images of MΦ in different groups (scale bar = 25 μm), quantification of CD80 and CD86, CD163 and CD206 co-localization fluorescence intensity; (F) Levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 in the supernatant of cultured MΦ in different groups; *P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, all experiments were repeated three times

Article Snippet: In brief, 1 ml of 2% (w/v) PLGA in ethyl acetate solution was mixed with 10 μg of recombinant human IL4I1 (R&D Systems, 5684-AO) dissolved in 100 μl of sterile DNase/RNase.

Techniques: Transfection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Marker, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Cell Culture

Journal: Journal of nanobiotechnology

Article Title: Regulating macrophage phenotypes with IL4I1-mimetic nanoparticles in IDD treatment.

doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03241-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 9 Effect of CHG@IL4I1-MNPs on MΦ Polarization in IDD Mice. Note: (A) RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of M1 and M2 MΦ marker genes in IVD MΦs of mice (n = 6); (B) Percentage of M1 MΦs in IVD MΦs of mice (n = 6); (C) Percentage of M2 MΦs in IVD MΦs of mice (n = 6); (D) ELISA detection of IL- 1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 levels in the IVD of mice (n = 6); n.s. P > 0.05 for comparison between groups, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: In brief, 1 ml of 2% (w/v) PLGA in ethyl acetate solution was mixed with 10 μg of recombinant human IL4I1 (R&D Systems, 5684-AO) dissolved in 100 μl of sterile DNase/RNase.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Marker, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison